Evaluation of housekeeping gene expression stability in carnation (<i>Dianthus caryophyllus</i>)

The real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is widely used for gene expression analysis, owing to its advantages of high specificity, sensitivity and repeatability. Suitable reference an absolute prerequisite accurate normalisation. In this study, three computational statistical methods before performing RT-qPCR, including geNorm, NormFinder BestKeeper was integrated stability evaluations 12 frequently-used genes in Dianthus caryophyllus across different experimental conditions. results showed that the candidate varies greatly sample pools. TIP41 (TIP41-like family protein) UBQ10 (ubiquitin10) relatively stable under conditions, while CYP (cytochrome P450) TUA (a tubulin) could act as reliable internal controls tissues. treatment hormone, heavy metal, salt, heat, cold, flooding drought were EF1α (elongation factor 1 alpha)/TIF5A (translation initiation 5A), UBQ10/18S (18S Ribosome RNA), UBQ10/CYP, TUB (β-tubulin gene)/TIP41 protein), TIF5A/EF1α, TUB/TIP41 TIP41/PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A). Some common housekeeping genes, such ACT (actin gene) GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), exhibited unstable patterns. This first systematic study on selection Carnation.